| Form Factory 1Form Energy · Weirton, WV | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | — | OPERATINGScaling | — | Not applicable: battery factory (it supplies projects, it doesn't sell power) | $290M |
| POET Big Stone thermal batteryAntora Energy · Big Stone City, SD | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 50 MW · 5 GWh | OPERATINGFirst commercial | ~May 2026 | POET | — |
| Holmes Western heat batteryRondo Energy · Kern County, CA | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 100 MWh | OPERATINGFirst commercial | ~Oct 2025 | Holmes Western Oil Corp. | — |
| SMECI Pressure Geothermal storageSage Geosystems · Christine, Atascosa County, TX | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 3 MW · 18 MWh | OPERATINGDemonstration | ~2025 | San Miguel Electric Cooperative | — |
| Project AMAZE (Turtle Creek lines)Eos Energy · Turtle Creek, PA | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | — | CONSTRUCTIONScaling | ~2027 | Not applicable: battery factory lines (they supply projects, they don't sell power) | $304M |
| Cambridge Energy Storage ProjectForm Energy · Cambridge, MN | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 1.5 MW · 150 MWh | CONSTRUCTIONDemonstration | ~2027 | Great River Energy | — |
| Swan Lake pumped storageRye Development · Northeast of Klamath Falls, Klamath County, OR | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 393 MW | PERMITTEDScaling | ~Late 2020s or early 2030s | Not yet named | — |
| Willow Rock Energy Storage CenterHydrostor · Rosamond, Kern County, CA | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 500 MW · 4 GWh | PERMITTEDFirst commercial | ~2030 | Central Coast Community Energy | $300M |
| Columbia Energy Storage ProjectEnergy Dome · Town of Pacific, Columbia County, WI | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 20 MW · 200 MWh | PERMITTEDFirst commercial | ~2027 | Alliant Energy; Wisconsin Public Service; Madison Gas and Electric | $30M |
| Sherco iron-air batteryForm Energy · Sherburne County Generating Station, Becker, MN | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 10 MW · 1 GWh | PERMITTEDFirst commercial | ~Q2 2028 | Xcel Energy | — |
| Xcel–Google Minnesota storageForm Energy · Minnesota | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 300 MW · 30 GWh | DEVELOPMENTScaling | ~2028–2031, phased | Xcel Energy (for Google) | — |
| Pratt Energy thermal batteryAntora Energy · Pratt Energy biorefinery, Pratt, KS | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 5.8 GWh | DEVELOPMENTScaling | — | Pratt Energy | — |
| Georgia Power iron-airForm Energy · Georgia | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 15 MW · 1.5 GWh | DEVELOPMENTFirst commercial | — | Georgia Power | — |
| Comanche iron-air batteryForm Energy · Comanche Generating Station, Pueblo, CO | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 10 MW · 1 GWh | DEVELOPMENTFirst commercial | — | Xcel Energy | — |
| Mendocino iron-air batteryForm Energy · PG&E substation, East Road, Redwood Valley, Mendocino County, CA | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 1.5 MW · 150 MWh | DEVELOPMENTFirst commercial | ~Q1 2026 | Pacific Gas and Electric | $30M |
| Copper Crossing iron flow batteryESS Tech · Copper Crossing Energy and Research Center, Florence, AZ | Long-duration storageMulti-day, thermal and mechanical storage | 5 MW · 50 MWh | DEVELOPMENTDemonstration | ~Dec 2027 | Salt River Project | — |